Canada is bordered at the 49th parallel by the United States, on the north by the North Pole, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. (9,093,507 square km)
The country's motto, A mari usque ad mare (From sea unto sea) was taken from Psalm 72:8, "He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth."
Canada is huge, and described in superlative terms; biggest, tallest, deepest, coldest, most beautiful. It has six time zones and about two million lakes, covering nearly 7.6 percent of its landmass.
A member of both the British Commonwealth of Nations and la Francophonie; Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a federal state, with a parliamentary/ democratic system of government. It is divided into ten provinces and three territories.
The capital city is Ottawa, in the province of Ontario.
- In 2011, the population was 33,476,688.
- There are two official languages: English and French.
- The country ranks sixth in the world in standard of living.
- Basic health care, with the exception of dental services, is free at the point of delivery.
- Canada recognizes and values its rich ethnic and racial diversity and passed the Canadian Multiculturalism Act in 1988.
Dates of Note in Canadian History:
- 1534 Jacques Cartier explores the Gulf of St. Lawrence as far as Québec City and Montreal and claims this land for France.
- 1541 The first French settlement at Charlesbourg-Royal, is established by Jacques Cartier and the Sieur de Roberval.
- 1608 Québec is founded by Samuel de Champlain.
- 1670 Hudson's Bay Company is established.
- 1713 The Treaty of Utrecht gives Britain possession of Hudson Bay, Newfoundland and Acadia (except for Cape Breton).
- 1812 On 18 June President James Madison declares war on Great Britain (which includes Canada).
- 1814 The Treaty of Ghent ends hostilities and sets the border between Upper and Lower Canada and the United States.
- 1867 The three provinces of British North America (Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick) are united in Confederation / The former province of Canada is divided into Ontario and Québec, and Canada West is renamed Ontario (1 July 1867). Canada is born!.
- 1914 (1914-1918) World War One.
- 1916 Manitoba is the first province to give women the right to vote.
- 1917 Canadian Corps takes Vimy Ridge, France (Canada defines itself as an independent nation).
- 1929 (18 Oct 1929) The 'Persons' Case Decision, Women are declared 'persons' by the British Privy Council.
- 1949 Newfoundland becomes Canada's 10th province.
- 1970 Canada 'adopts' the metric system.
- 1982 The Canadian Constitution Act creates the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
- 1999 (1 Apr 1999) Nunavut becomes Canada's third territory.
Thank you for suggesting your site.
Only sites relevant to the whole of Canada will be placed at this level. Please submit your listing to a specific topic, region, province, or local area in the appropriate sub-categories. Submitting to the correct category will ease acceptance into the Directory and is likely to shorten the time between submission and listing.
Remember to send us an update if the URL of your site changes, or if there is a drastic change in the content or type of information on your site.
For help about submissions, click on Submission Help .
Alberta is one of the western provinces and is positioned between British Columbia and Saskatchewan. Geographically the land varies from mountains to prairie. Fishing, hunting, rodeo, ranches and farms, oil and gas, Chinook winds, large metropolitan cities and small rural towns are all part of this varied area of Canada.
Please do not submit websites to this category.
Websites should be sent to one of Alberta''s topical categories (Arts and Entertainment, Business and Economy, etc.) if it is specific to the province as a whole.
If the site is specific to a locality, it should be sent to the appropriate locality.
If it is specific to a county, it should be sent to the appropriate county.
Similar submission processes also apply to site specific to metropolitan areas and provincial regions.
Sites will not be published in this category. Please send sites to the appropriate category linked here.
British Columbia (BC) is
Canada's westernmost province. BC is bordered by on the west by the Pacific Ocean; on the north by
Alaska,
Yukon, and
Northwest Territories; on the east by
Alberta; and on the south by
Washington,
Idaho, and
Montana. It covers a land area of 947,796 square kilometers (365,946 square miles), making it the 3rd largest province, and roughly about four times the size of the
United Kingdom, or about the size of
Texas,
Oklahoma, and
Louisiana combined. BC is a very mountainous region, including both the Rocky Mountains and Coastal Mountain ranges.
BC has a population of about 3.7 million (1996 census), with the largest cities being
Vancouver,
Surrey,
Burnaby,
Richmond,
Abbotsford, and
Victoria (the provincial capital). BC enjoys a rich cultural heritage, from its First Nations and English roots, and its many immigrants, with the largest number from the United Kingdom,
China,
India,
Germany, and the
Netherlands.
Principal industries include fisheries, forestry, tourism, and agriculture.
Aboriginal peoples developed a rich culture in what is now BC. In the eighteenth century,
Spain and
Russia had competing claims to what is now BC's Pacific coast. The first permanent colony (present day Victoria) was established by Britain in 1843. In 1871, the promise of a trans-Canada railway prompted British Columbia to become the sixth province to join Canada.
Only regional guides, directories and organizations with members in, more than one regional district belong in this category.
Information covering more than one city or town located in the same regional district should be submitted to that regional district.
Information specific to one city or town should be submited to that Locality.
This category includes sites covering the economic activities of Canada; including listings of businesses, companies and industries, or organizations and resources having to do with business.
Thank you for submitting your site.
Web sites at the national level of the directory deal with matters that affect the whole country or a significant portion of it. Businesses, enterprises and organizations at this level are of national importance, or have a nation-wide footprint.
Please exercise care in submitting your web site and select the category that most closely matches your subject. Consider submitting your web site to the Provincial or Locality level, if that is your area of coverage. Correct submission will likely speed listing in the Open Directory.
For help about submissions, click on Submission Help .
This category lists only educational sites with a national focus within Canada. Individual schools, colleges, or Universities should be listed in more specific subcategories.
Thank you for your submission. This category lists only sites which have a Canada-wide educational focus.
Submitting your site to the correct category will speed its listing.
This category is generally for Government of Canada sites (with URLs ending with gc.ca). Sites about the government will also be included if they are appropriate.
Sites pertaining to Canadian and Foreign embassies and consular offices. Foreign embassies in Canada should be listed under the "Foreign Embassies" subcategory.
Listed in Embassies and Consulates categories are entities such as Embassies, Consulates, High Commissions, Permanent Representatives and de facto equivalents. Information on their formatting, and on the arrangement of related categories, can be found in the FAQ of Society: Government: Embassies and Consulates.
Includes general interest online guides and directories whose information and focus is broad enough to be of interest to all Canadians.
Thank you for submitting your site. This category accepts guides or directories that are comprehensive and offer in-depth coverage of Canada as a whole. Guides and directories that specialize in a particular topic should be placed within the appropriate topical subcategory.
Correct placement of your site will speed its listing in the directory.
For help about submissions, please click on Submission Help.
Good Health!
This category deals with national health issues, Canada-wide health organizations and practitioners with offices across the country.
This category will not accept site listings for organizations or practises restricted to a single province or locality. If your organization or practise is a national one, please select the appropriate category from those listed here. If you don''t see one, please submit it at this level and an editor will list it, move it or create a category for it.
If your organization or practise is not national, please consider submitting it to the appropriate Locality or Province where it is located.
This category is a navigational aid which provides category links for every locality in Canada.
Sites should not be submitted to this category. Rather, sites should be submitted directly the category for each locality.
Bordered by Ontario, Saskatchewan, Nunavut, Hudson Bay and the United States, most of Manitoba's 650 000 km2 lies between 150 and 300 metres above sea level, except in the Turtle, Riding, Duck and Baldy mountains.
Manitoba is known as the land of 100 000 lakes, a legacy of enormous Lake Agassiz, which covered much of the province after the glaciers retreated. The major rivers of western Canada flow into the lowland region of Manitoba, giving Manitoba 90 percent of the hydro-electric potential of the Prairie region.
The History
The name Manitoba likely comes from the Cree words "Manitou bou," which mean "the narrows of the Great Spirit.". The Assiniboine Indians were the first inhabitants of Manitoba. Other First Nations included the nomadic Cree, who followed the herds of bison and caribou. In 1670, the Hudson's Bay Company was created, and King Charles II of England granted it a large tract of land named Rupert's Land. In 1812, the first European agricultural settlement was established in the area around the junction of the Red and Assiniboine rivers of Rupertsland by Lord Selkirk, who called the area Assiniboia.
In the late1860s, the Dominion of Canada, anxious to expand into the great northwest, offered to buy Assiniboia from the Hudson's Bay Company. Negotiations for the transfer of sovereignty followed, but with little regard to the wishes of the inhabitants. This led the Métis (people of mixed Aboriginal and European blood) under the leadership of Louis Riel, to oppose the Canadian proposals in an insurgency known as the Red River Rebellion. Riel succeeded in establishing a locally-elected, provisional government in December 1869. Delegates of this provisional government negotiated terms with the new federal government of Canada, making Manitoba a province of the Dominion of Canada on July 15, 1870.
Manitoba is an important centre for a number of ethnic groups. It is one of the most important centres of Ukrainian culture outside Ukraine and has one of the largest populations of Mennonites in the world. More than 128 000 people are of Aboriginal or Métis origin. There are also many Manitobans of Icelandic origin.
About 60 percent of Manitoba's nearly 1.15 million people live in metropolitan Winnipeg, the provincial capital. The second-largest city is Brandon, in southwestern Manitoba.
Thank you for submitting your web site.
Most Manitoban sites submitted to this directory will fall into one of the subcategories listed here. Please choose the one most appropriate for your site and submit it there.
For help about submissions, please click on Submission Help.
Please only submit sites here which deal with all localities in Newfoundland and Labrador, or sites for localities which do not yet have a dedicated category yet.
Please submit sites for small communities which are part of a larger municipality to the municpality which they are part of. For example, Shoal Bay is part of Joe Batt''s Arm.
News and media sites, including magazines, newspapers, radio, and television.
When New Brunswick was established in 1784 it was divided into eight counties. As the population grew, the original counties were divided and new counties set up; the final complement is 15. These counties are subdivided into civil parishes similar to American townships.
New Brunswick borders the provinces of Nova Scotia on the East, Quebec on the Northwest and the state of Maine on the Southwest, along the St Croix and St John rivers. Its cultural heritage is Acadian-French, English and First Nations, and it is the only officially bilingual English/French province in Canada. Its industries are Forestry, Farming, Fishing and Tourism. New Brunswick is a world famous salmon fishing destination.
The provincial capital is Fredericton. Other large cities include Saint John and Moncton.
Most New Brunswick sites submitted to this directory will fall into one of the sub-categories listed. Please choose the one most appropriate for your site and submit it there.
For help about submissions, please click on Submission Help.
Nova Scotia is that peninsula which hangs off the edge of Eastern Canada. It is attached to New Brunswick by the Chignecto Isthmus and is very close to Prince Edward Island and Maine. The province actually consists of the peninsula just described and of Cape Breton Island which is to the north and attached via the Canso Causeway.
The capital city of Nova Scotia is Halifax. Other big cities are Sydney and Yarmouth.
Politically, Nova Scotia is divided into 18 Counties and 24 Rural Municipalities, plus incorporated towns, cities and Regional Municipalities.
Municipalities are:
Cape Breton Regional Municipality,
Halifax Regional Municipality,
Region of Queens Municipality
Rural Municipalities
Municipality of Annapolis,
Municipality of Antigonish,
Municipality of Argyle,
Municipality of Barrington,
Municipality of Chester,
Municipality of Clare,
Municipality of Colchester,
Municipality of Cumberland,
Municipality of Digby,
Municipality of Guysborough,
Municipality of Hants East,
Municipality of Hants West,
Municipality of Inverness,
Municipality of Kings,
Municipality of Lunenburg,
Municipality of Pictou,
Municipality of Richmond,
Municipality of Shelburne,
Municipality of St. Mary's,
Municipality of Victoria,
Municipality of Yarmouth
Most Nova Scotian sites submitted to this directory will fall into one of the sub-categories listed here. Please choose the one most appropriate for your site and submit it there.
Submitters of bilingual web sites are strongly encouraged to place of copy of their site in one of the sub-categories of
Nouvelle-�cosse .
For help about submissions, you may click on
Submission Help.
more information (editors only)
Nunavut is a new Canadian territory that came into being on April 1, 1999, through the division of the Northwest Territories.
Eighty-two per cent of Nunavut's people are Inuit. Since the majority of voters in Nunavut are Inuit, they control their own legislative assembly through a form of self-government under which non-Inuit residents are also guaranteed political rights.
The creation of the Nunavut territory is the result of two agreements: the Nunavut political accord, and the Nunavut land claims agreement.
A Nunavut-wide Inuit organization called Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated (also known by the commonly-used acronym "NTI") is responsible for administering the money and land that Nunavut Inuit now own under their land claim agreement, for ensuring that governments and others carry out their legal obligations, and for promoting Inuit language and culture. NTI is not, however, responsible for creating the government of Nunavut.
The Nunavut political accord laid the foundation for the Nunavut Act, the federal law that serves as Nunavut's constitution.
This category is for websites relating to education in Nunavut.
Sites located in the province of Ontario should be suggested in the most appropriate category.
The majority of sites will not be accepted in this category.
Most
sites should be submitted to an
Ontario locality. Alternately, some sites may qualify for placement
in
Ontario
Regions, or in
Ontario
Counties and Districts. Please read the category descriptions to determine
if your site qualifies elsewhere.
Sites which may be listed at the provincial level include:
-
Businesses with multiple branches, offices, or locations spanning multiple
Ontario Regions and in some instances, Metro Areas.
-
Clubs or associations drawing members from the entire province.
-
Government, scientific or environmental sites concerned with the entire
province.
Guidelines for submitting sites:
-
Do not type in all caps.
-
Do not include a list of keywords in the title.
-
Do not write a sales pitch.
-
The site title should be the agency, business or organization name.
-
The description should be a brief summary of your site''s purpose
or products and services. It may also include information about some features
of the site. It should be written in English and in coherent sentence form.
-
Do not write descriptions consisting of mainly keywords.
-
Do not use unnecessary capitalization, or include HTML tags.
-
Submit to the most appropriate category.
Please take the time to submit correctly. Compare existing
listings to determine the best placement.
Quebec is the largest and second most populous of the Canadian provinces and is the center of French Canadian culture. Francophones make up 80% of the population and the major cities include Montreal,the largest city; Quebec, the capital; Laval and Trois Rivières.
If your city, town or village is listed here, please submit directly to that location. If your city, town, or village is not yet listed, please submit your site here, and we will create the proper subcategory.
If on the other hand, your site does not pertain to, or originate from one certain locality within Quebec, then you should find another place to submit it, perhaps at the provincial level.
Please submit all sites to their correct category and location.
The Regions category of Canada was created to accommodate web sites, businesses and organizations whose focus was broader than a single province, but less than country-wide. The groupings of provinces and territories tend to follow the associations created by existing commercial and non-commercial enterprises or other social endeavours.
Do not submit websites to this category, if you please.
Either pick a Regions sub-category, or find a category elsewhere that closely matches your website. Inappropriate submission of websites to the Open Directory wastes the time of the volunteer editors who make the whole thing work. Please exercise care and discretion when submitting.
Guides and directories for a specific locality should be submitted to the appropriate locality category.
Covers human interaction and relations in Canada. Topics in this category deal with people, ethnicity, and disabled as well as sexuality, subcultures and lifestyle choices.
The Canada/Transportation category deals with transportation resources for people traveling to, from, and within Canada. It is only for organizations and transportation companies that are national in scope.
Thank you for submitting your site.
This category deals with the movement and transportation of people,
not goods or freight. For shipping and trucking of freight, see
Transportation Industry.
Sites submitted to this category must be of national importance, or pertain to country-wide businesses or organizations. If your site does not meet this guideline, consider placing it at the Regional, Provincial or locality level. Submitting to the correct category will likely speed its listing in the Directory.
For assistance in submitting see Submission Help.
This category includes national tourism sites about the country as a whole, and includes sites that describe tourism in Canada in general, national attractions and resources, plus lodging and tourist guides.
Thank you for submitting your site.
This category will only accept sites that are national in scope. In the majority of cases you should consider submitting your site to the specific Locality or Province - Territory where it resides. Accurate submission of your site to the correct category will likely speed its inclusion in the Open Directory.
Submission Tips:
When writing your site''s title please ensure it is the same as your organization.
When writing your site''s description, please tell what your site offers in a clear and concise statement without hype or promotional language.
For help about submissions, please click on Submission Help.
Please only submit businesses with offices in multiple localities to this categories. Businesses with offices in a single locality should be submitted to that locality.